ASTM A301L
上海圆鼎
 
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一、ASTM A301L介绍：
ASTM A301L超低碳钢，比301耐晶间腐蚀性能好。ASTM A301L是在301钢基础上，降低C含量，改善焊口的抗晶界腐蚀性;通过添加N元素来弥补含C量降低引起的强度不足，保证钢的强度。
二、ASTM A301L应用和特性：
ASTM A301L耐热性能
良好的抗氧化性能可保持到温度高达840°C(如果是间歇使用的状态)及900°C(如果是连续使用的状态)。暴露于400°C以上会造成加工硬化效果的逐渐丧失，800°C时强度相当于退火的301。在蠕变条件下，加工硬化的301强度甚至会下降到低于退火的301。
ASTM A301L典型应用：轨道车辆结构部件 -- 滚压成形、折弯成形或拉伸成形制成型材，也采用板材。飞机机身、公路拖车、汽车轮毂盖、雨刮器夹持器具、烤面包机弹簧、炉子夹具、屏幕框架、幕墙等。
 
四、ASTM A301L化学成分：

碳C	硅Si	锰Mn	磷P	硫 S	铬Cr
≤0.030	≤1.00	≤2.00	≤0.045	≤ 0.030	16-18
镍Ni	钼Mo	氮N	铜Cu	铁Fe	铌Nb
5-8	≤	≤0.20	≤	余量	≤
硼B	钛Ti：	铝Al	钒 V	钨W	铈Ce
≤	≤	≤	≤	~	~

五、ASTM A301L材质规格：
冷扎薄板0.05mm-4.0mm,热扎板:4mm~14mm,带2mm-10mm,各尺寸规格锻件环件，库存个别牌号不定尺。
六、ASTM A301L物理性能：

熔点/℃	比热容 /kg/(kg.k)℃ 0-100℃	热导率/w/(m.k) 100~500℃	线胀系数 /(10-6/k) 100~500℃	电阻率 /（Ω.mm2/m) 20℃	纵向弹性模量 /GPa 20℃
	0.5	16.3-21.5	16.5-18.7	0.73	193
密度g/cm	硬度HBW	硬度HRB	磁性
7.93		91	无

七、ASTM A301L力学性能:

标准号产品名称	状态	硬度（不大于）	拉伸强度Σb\MPa ≥	延伸率A/% ≥	断面收缩Z/%≥
ASTMA240/A240M-16A不锈钢热轧	固溶处理	241HBW 100HRB	550	45

圆鼎小知识（固溶作用）：
①钢中合金碳化物的析出与溶解
钢中C是所含合金元素之一，其除能起到一点强化作用之外，对耐蚀性是不利的，特别是C与Cr形成碳化物时，作用更坏，应力求减少它的存在。为此，依据C在奥氏体中随温度不同而变化的特性，即在高温时溶解度大，低温时溶解度小。有资料报导，C在奥氏体中的溶解度在1200℃时为0.34％；1000℃时为0.18％，而600℃时为0.02％，室温时则更少。所以将钢加热到高温，使C-Cr化合物充分溶解，再快速冷却，让其来不及析出，保证钢的耐蚀性，特别是耐晶间腐蚀性。
②σ相
奥氏体钢如果在500-900℃区间长时间加热，或钢中加入Ti、Nb、Mo等元素时，都会促进σ相析出，使钢增加脆性和降低耐蚀性，消除σ相的手段也是在高于其可能析出温度使其溶解，再快速冷却，防止再析出。
 
工艺：
在标准中，推荐加热温度范围较宽：1000~1150℃，通常采用1020-1080℃。考虑具体牌号成分，是铸件还是锻件等情况，在允许范围内，适当调节加热温度。加热温度低，C-Cr碳化物不能充分溶解，温度太高，也存在晶粒长大，降低耐蚀性问题。
 
冷却方式：应以较快速度冷却，防止碳化物再析出。在我国及其它一些国家标准中，标明固溶化后“快冷” ，综合不同文献资料和实践经验，“快”的尺度可按如下情况掌握：
• 含C量≥0.08%的;含Cr量>22％、Ni量较高的；含C量虽<0.08％，但有效尺寸>3mm的，应水冷;
• 含C量<0.08％、尺寸<3mm，可风冷;
• 有效尺寸≤0.5mm的可空冷
 
七、ASTM A301L加工处理和焊接性能:
ASTM A301L所有标准的焊接方法都适用。建议使用308L填充。ASTM A301L需要高强度的场合。它的加工硬化率很高， 大约14MPa/%Ra(每1%冷加工减面率，抗拉强度增加14MPa)，因此通过冷轧和冷成型可达到很高的强度。其金相结构中至少有一部分应变硬化的奥氏体转变为马氏体。301尽管强度高，但仍有足够的残余延展性进行大量的冷成形。其退火状态下无磁性，但冷加工后有很强磁性。
ASTM A301L可根据您所需要硬度及宽度交货，1/2H  3/4H H EH TH等  
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